Social Media Use in Internal Communication in Dubai Public Sector Companies

spousal violence essays

spousal violence essays Violence against family members is something women do at least as often as men. There are dozens of solid scientific studies that reveal in a startlingly different picture of family violence than what we usually see in the media. For instance, Murray Straus, a sociologist and co-director for the Family Research Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire gave some statistics that blew my mind away. He concluded saying that women were three times more likely than men to use weapons in spousal violence. He also said that women hit their male children more than they hit their female children and women commit 52 percent of spousal killings and are convicted of 41 percent of spousal murders. There are also some misleading statistics about family violence. One, men do not usually report their violent wives to police, because they have too much pride. Two is that children do not usually report their violent mothers to the police. A reason why we do not see many women get reported is because the media does not encourage men to report the crime. Women are the ones who are encouraged to report the spousal violence by countless media reminders. The media always portray the woman to be the victim and the male to be the perpetrator. Men and children may not report when a woman injures them, but the dead bodies of the men and children who are the victims of violent women are usually reported. There is much confusion about whom to believe in the debate about spousal violence. On one side we have the womens feminist groups whom rely on law enforcement statistics. On the other side we have social scientist who rely on scientifically structured studies, which do not get any media attention. Americas press is more concerned with the political correctness than scientific accuracy. That is why our society is so screwed up now, because of the media. It is important to note that there have been the same kind of studies d...

Religion in What Dreams May Come True Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion in What Dreams May Come True - Essay Example These religions based their teachings on psychoanalytical postulations of human beings urging followers that the answers to their questions were to be found in no other place other than within. The 1998 film starring Robin Williams called â€Å"What Dreams May Come† clearly brings into perspective some of the postulations that have been used by emerging religions and the reason for the sudden popularity of those religions among the masses. There are questions that even in this age of technological advancements human beings have not been able to answer particularly the ones that pertain to his essence as a being and whether the earthly existence is by chance, or it is a journey with a purpose and a particular destination. The paper looks at how the film â€Å"What Dreams May Come True† manages to bring about some key characteristics in the teachings of New Thought Religions. The Power of the Mind. The concept of the power of the mind is clearly found in the teachings of Ernest Homes who postulated that human beings had the power to control their destiny through the power of their minds. Holmes outlines that the first greatest discovery that human being ever made was that ‘He could think† (Holmes 24). Holmes goes on to outline that the power of the human mind is evident in how man has utilized the resources nature has provided for him to come up with great inventions. New Thought religions propose on the power of the mind and are perhaps the source of the concept of the power of positive thinking. In the film â€Å"What Dreams May Come† the producer manages to bring about the concept of the power of thought through the family of Dr. Christopher. After the death of his children and going through emotional distress, Dr. Chris is also involved in car accident and finds himself in heaven.

Anorexia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Anorexia - Research Paper Example exia is caused by a variety of different factors, including biology, sociological considerations and psychological adjustment patterns that are often driven by youth historical experiences in society and with family members. It is also known to be caused by media representation of what constitutes an ideal form for men and women which alters a person’s self-esteem levels and sense of self-worth in a social context. Such causes of the disease are known to be attributed to body dysmorphia, an unreasonable and rather perverse sense of the self as it pertains to body image as well as youth caregiver attachment problem (to name only two potential causes). Treatment options include cognitive behavioral therapy, clinical interventions, family therapy, support groups, pharmaceuticals, and even more radical psychotherapy methodologies. Hence, there are potential solutions that can reduce prevalence of this mental disorder with many of the aforementioned treatment options sustaining credible and sometimes substantial recovery and success rates. The goal of treatment, as indicated by research, is to change the distorted sense of self that is common with anorexia and improve cognition patterns to develop healthier eating and coping strategies. Anorexia Nervosa is a variety of eating disorder in which the individual radically curbs their food intake and maintains an unreasonable and rather groundless terror of weight gain. It is usually accomplished with a maladjusted viewpoint about their bodies. Anorexia is characterized by extreme weight loss. People who maintain this mental illness begin an extreme regulation of dietary consumption which leads to a variety of health problems. Anorexia is a common eating disorder that affects women and men, however its prevalence is most widespread in the female population. Those that have been diagnosed with anorexia often maintain an irrational obsession with maintaining a thin body figure and become preoccupied and often fanatical

Sustainable Resources Are the Only Way forward Essay

Sustainable Resources Are the Only Way forward - Essay Example The Island was a landmark of God's magnificence but due to large deforestation by local inhabitants and changes in climatic patterns causing rains to stop resulted in forests being wiped off from the island's face. The inhabitants thus had nothing to feed on and in the end, they started feeding on other humans. Thus man became an animal. The present deforestation in the Amazon is leading a path to a similar future because at the current rate it is predicted that in a couple of decades the forest will reduce by 40% in size. This will cause a dramatic shift in the carbon-absorbing pattern of the area and consequently, the temperatures there will rise to make it harder for the rest of the 60% of the remaining forest to survive (Wright & Nebel, 2007). The decline will, therefore, be at an exponential rate consequently resulting in the elimination of the Amazon from the face of the earth. The fact that government laws allow such developments to take place is most alarming. It is legally allowed to clear the forest by any means if the intention is to grow crops (soybeans in this case) and this results in the ownership of the land furthermore, cleared land is worth more and forested land so owners who wish to keep their property in good value, do not let the forest reclaim ‘their’ place naturally. This shows a sense of heightened selfishness in the local population of Brazil. Clearly, the concept of alternative resources is not a very popular practice and the locals are bent upon destroying the forest without being aware of the disastrous consequences just like the old tribes of Easter Island.

Defining And Measuring Poverty Sociology Essay

Defining And Measuring Poverty Sociology Essay In this essay I intend to define poverty, explain definitions and measurements of poverty absolute and relative. I will identify groups experiencing poverty, social exclusion and discrimination. I will then discuss the New Right and Social Democrat explanations for poverty, and assess their weakness and strengths. Poverty is about a lack of economic, social, physical, environmental, cultural and political resources that prevent people of all ages from fulfilling their potential. There is, however, not just a only single definition of poverty. The term can be split into two views that are, absolute poverty and relative poverty. Despite the introduction of housing and education acts and other legislation to improve standards of living, poverty is still a reality.   In society today there are still many who have little to sustain their everyday existence, and who survive well below the poverty line.   The arguments surrounding the definition of poverty centre on the two concepts of absolute poverty and relative poverty.   Absolute Poverty is the inability of a citizen to participate fully in the economic terms in the society in which he lives, also is experiencing lack of food, shelter clothing, healthcare care to survive. In many countries, absolute poverty is common people who face absolu te poverty have short life expectancy, poor nutrition and high levels of infant mortality. Continents like, Africa, Asia, and South American are more likely to experience this type of poverty, this may occur because of a complete lack of resources, or unequal distribution of wealth. Relative poverty is measured on poor standards of living relative to the rest of the society. The lack of access to many of the goods and services expected by the rest of the contemporary society. E.g. afford holidays this leads to social exclusion and damaging individuals and families in relative poverty. Relative poverty is used in Britain because in a rich country such this, there should be certain minimum standards below, that no one should be. The British society is becoming more richer ,norms changes and the levels of income and resources that are considerate to be adequate rises , for instance if poor citizens can keep up with the growth in average incomes, they will become more excluded from the opportunities that the rest of the society enjoy. If there is a large numbers of people who fall below the minimum standards, then they are excluded from ordinary patterns. The strength of this approach is that advocate a poverty line which moves in response to changing social expectations and living standards. Peter Townsend argued that income alone is not a satisfactory measure of poverty because households may have a variety of other resources at their disposal. Townsend work was criticised from those on the right, they argued that his research measure inequality rather than poverty, because they see inequality as inevitable, they that the concept of relative poverty in meaningless. Seebohm Rowntree devised a scale in 1901 to determine: the minimum necessities for the maintenance of merely physical efficiency .Rowntrees  measure from Stitt and Grant, 1993, explains the differences between two types of poverty.   Primary Poverty are families whose total incomes were insufficient to maintain physical efficiency and Secondary Poverty are families whose incomes would have been sufficient but for wasteful activity such as poor housekeeping, drunkenness and gambling.   Those who fell below this minimum level were said to be in poverty. This method of defining poverty is known as the budget standard approach, some of which are still in use today in defining poverty.  Ã‚   It is a measurement of absolute poverty, which is the most common way in which people visualise poverty.  Ã‚   In other words looking at what level of income is needed to provide a nutritionally adequate diet and other necessities of life.   This again can be and is debated. It is purely d own to personal perception and opinion upon the subject. This method provides a very clear definition, however it conceals the fact that the minimum level changes continually with time.   There are basically three current definitions of poverty in common usage: absolute poverty, relative poverty and social exclusion. Absolute poverty is defined as the lack of sufficient resources with which to keep body and soul together. Relative poverty defines income or resources in relation to the average. It is concerned with the absence of the material needs to participate fully in accepted daily life. Social exclusion is a new term used by the Government. The Prime Minister described social exclusion as a shorthand label for what can happen when individuals or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family breakdown. The House of Commons Scottish Affairs Committee. However there are some critics say that absolute definitions of poverty have the merit of give fixed and universal definition which can be used for measuring and comparing poverty in all societies. They can also reveal changes in living standards in a society over time. Rowntree was been criticized by the fixed nature of absolute measurement. Some sociologists that support the relative definition of poverty argue that universal definitions not count since what count as poverty varies from time to time and place. They say that human needs cannot be objectively measured, based in measurement of human nutritional requirements in not possible. 2- physical needs are affected by age , sex, occupation and other social factors. 3- Necessities and essentials varies from time to time and place to place , human needs are culturally defined , reasonable standards of housing, diet, clothing in Britain are different from those in other societies and from Britain a hundreds years ago. In this ideol ogy poverty is relative, it is measured in relation to the standards of a society and place, it is not fixed because circumstances changes over time. The groups more likely to be in poverty are ethnic minorities, disabled, women , lone parents , older people, asylum seekers Ethnic minorities live in low income households, twice the rate for white people. Although they are variations by ethnic groups. Unemployment rates are higher among this group, black people are more likely to be in lows paid jobs. Also are disadvantaged by the way the social security system operates. These group is more concentrated in the inner London normally they are rehoused together in group causing mini ghettos, creating isolation, fear and violence and discrimination .Ethnic minorities such as asylum seekers are discriminated by society, and other groups from ethnic minorities through religion or culture. By the government policies, being refused citizenship, receiving lower payments than other families on benefits. Refugees could be considered by as a sub underclass, Murray. 1994:26. I totally agree with this citation because they live below the poverty line and the minimum standards that Britain says that no one should Governments accept responsibility for ensuring all citi zens receive a minimum income and have access to the highest possible provision in the fields of healthcare , housing education, and personal social services.( Deacon 2000,51) Lone parents also are discriminated specially lone women with children , in these group also can be included elderly women pensioners ,women are likely to experience pay inequalities , mens earning more, Blacks being labeled inferior compared to white men, women the weaker sex Hacker, 1972,51, to tackle this type of discrimination was introduced anti -discrimination acts , such as Race Relations Act (1976, 2000 amended), Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and Equal Pay Act 1970. The risk of poverty, inequality and social exclusion is not shared equally.   Some groups in society are more likely than others to find themselves in poverty. Children are at greater risk of poverty than adults in the UK and women are at greater risk than men.   To investigate poverty it is necessary to look at statistics compiled from various sources.   Whilst these statistics give some indication, it cannot completely show the poverty experienced by women and children. Despite compelling reasons, the importance of childhood poverty is not always recognised by policy makers.   They may need a policy that addresses the shorter-term situation whist policies aimed at longer-term changes are implemented. It is therefore not good enough to say that a policy will be beneficial in the long term.   Children who are growing up during that shorter-term period of lack of investment in primary health care or primary education, for example, will lose opportunities that they may not be able to regain later in life. Thus a generation may be facing to live in poverty. The New Right view about poverty is that the welfare state is responsible for causing poverty, Marsland (1996) argue that in a democratic, capitalist society wealth is created by those who are successful in business, and by others who innovate ,have entrepreneurial ideas and start new companies, people work for them , and generate income, they say entrepreneurs are motivated by money , and the government need to support them e.g. free market. They say that taxation should be low , by minimizing the size of government and by keeping expenditure low. Cutting on the provision of state benefits for those unemployed, in a indirect perspective the welfare state cause of poverty , is because discourages the efforts of entrepreneurs to start new companies which create jobs. Established companies pay higher taxes. In a direct point of view they blame the welfare state because they provide free health, financial support for those who dont want to work. People living in benefits increase the ta xes and there is a lost of productivity. They say that just some will be successful , inequality will always occur. The welfare state and the minimum wage protect exploitation from employers This approach was criticized because if they abolished the welfare state poverty was going to increase plus they saw poor people like lazy. Social Democrat view about poverty is that the welfare state is related to the 1940, Crosland (1956) argues that in any society, there will be groups in poverty , thought are not their fault some may be disabled, retired, unable to work because of childcare. Or crisis in the economy and not having enough jobs. For them the welfare state is responsible for these people and have to guarantee a decent standard of living then everyone in poverty is in need. By this the welfare state eliminates poverty with income provided by the state and paid out of general taxation. However the Third way criticized the saying that they kept the same welfare state like in 1940, and was failed to respond to the growth in single parenthood, and the change of women in society, single mothers remain in poverty trap, the state benefits they lost when they start to work, outweighed the income they received, then disempowered them to work. Plus the costs of welfare state increased higher expectations on health care, housing. However there will always exist poverty and inequality , the government will need to reform the welfare state , providing more professional courses given by the European Union , cut council tax, because I think that will make more people to going back to work. Instead of giving incentives for people to still waiting at home or in the bar waiting for the next payment.

Food reflection Essay

1. Have you ever kept a food journal before? If so, why? I have done a food once when I was in high school. It was my sophomore year in health class. My teacher wanted us to learn about what kind of food we eat. So she made us do it for one weekend. She wanted us to share what we ate and how everyone ate differently. Some people ate healthier and some did not. She made us look at how much we ate and what she should do to eat healthier. 2. Did this food record make you more aware of what you were eating? Did it make you change your eating habits? Why or why not? This food record does make me more aware of what I am eating. Like for that certain day I ate more than the weekdays. On weekdays I would not have time to eat as much as I did because the weekdays I am busy with schoolwork. That day I was with friends during lunch but during dinner I was alone. I don’t think it will make me change my habit on eating. For me, I like to eat different things each day. I do not like to eat the same thing everyday. I like to change things up so I wont get tired of eating the same thing. This is why I feel like I do not need to change my habit because I do change everyday. This also showed me to eat other things. Like it showed that my vegetable and whole grains are low. Which means that I need to eat more things that have them in it than other food. 3. Did your food/drink intake indicate anything about what was going on in your daily life? No I do not feel like it indicates anything about what is going on in my daily life. Like going to the gym to run or walking around the park with friends. Some days when I am lazy, I would sit around and eat food all day long while watching TV. Then other days I would be out with people working and doing activities. I think the only thing the food report shows is the amount of food that is intake but does not show the other activities I do. The food report does not show if I were working at a job. Whether I would be sitting or standing all day. 4. What surprised you about your intake, if anything? One thing that surprised me in the food I ate was the amount of calories that are in some food. I never realized how much could be in one cup or a couple ounces. Usually I do look at the box where it has the calories and the food in it. While looking back at it, it seems as if the calories was not that important, the important thing is to look at the type of food that is in it. Like if there is any grains or meat or vegetable. I looked at the food report and it showed that my vegetables intakes are low. I thought I was fine with the vegetable but I guess I am not. 5. Was your eating pattern for this day usual? Why or why not? This was normal for my weekends. Like I know I can relax and eat as much as I want over the weekend than on the weekdays. On weekdays I am in class and out of class from 8AM to 2PM. If I were not in class I would be at work. So I do not have as much time to eat whatever I want or as much as I want. On a usually weekday, I would get a snack for the morning and then eat at 2 after all my classes are finished. On weekends I would typically eat more. Having a small meal in the morning and two big meals for lunch and dinner. 6. What changes will you make, if any, to your eating patterns after this assignment? Some changes as I said in some of the other questions are to eat more whole grains, eat more vegetables, and take in less refined grains and meat. I need to cut back on some meat because I know if I eat too much I will start to gain weight. While cutting back some of the food, I also need to start to go to the gym more often.

Secured and Unsecured Credit

Credit refers to activities involving the exchange of money, goods or services with a promise to pay in the future. In effect, credit means enjoying something today and paying for it tomorrow. For credit transactions to take place, two parties should be involved: the creditor (the entity or the person who is offering the money, goods, or services on credit), and the debtor (the entity or the person who is availing of the credit accommodation). (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers & Langvardt, 2007) There are two kinds of credit: the unsecured credit and the secured credit. In an unsecured credit, the creditor turns over his or her money, goods, or services to the debtor with only the latter’s promise to pay as a guarantee of collection, relying heavily on the dignity and the capacity to pay of the debtor based on factors like salary and other monies due him/her. Examples of unsecured credit devices are credit cards and the bills for utilities like water, power, and telephone. (Mallor et al., 2007) Unsecured credit presents a higher risk to creditors because of the absence of security or collateral. For this reason, creditors are resorting to thorough checks of the debtor’s credit background to ascertain if he/she is a good credit risk before providing an unsecured credit – meaning that the creditor would want to establish whether the debtor has no past record of defaulting on his/her debts. In addition, the creditor charges a higher interest rate on an unsecured credit.   (Baker, 2005) In a secured credit, the creditor asks the debtor to put up a property like a house or a car to serve as security for the credit transaction. In case of default, or the debtor fails to pay his/her debt, the creditor â€Å"can go against the security.† If the security, for instance, is the debtor’s house, the creditor has the legal right to demand that the house be sold so that he/she can collect what is due him/her. Because the credit is secured, the creditor has a lesser risk. The interest rate on a secured credit is, therefore, comparatively lower than that charged for an unsecured credit. (Mallor et al., 2007) In both cases, the law protects the rights of creditors. In case a debtor fails to meet his/her obligation on a secured credit, the creditor has a right to have the security or collateral sold so that the amount owed can be collected. In an unsecured loan, the creditor can file a suit of garnishment so that he/she could collect the debtor’s salary or whatever money he/she receives from other sources. (Mallor et al., 2007) As it stands, the law governing secured and unsecured credit appears sufficient to safeguard the rights of creditors. It does not need any amendment at the moment. References Baker, A. (2005). Secured Loans vs. Unsecured Loans – Choosing Between the Two Diverse Ends. Retrieved October 22, 2007 from http://ezinearticles.com/?Secured-Loans-vs.-Unsecured-Loans—Choosing-Between-the-Two-Diverse-Ends&id=49173 Mallor, Barnes, Bowers & Langvardt. (2007). Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-Commerce Environment, 13th Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies.   

Development of Psychology essays

Development of Psychology essays John Wilson Psychology Essay (Development of psychology) In the following essay I will explain the development of major schools in terms of distinguishing features and historical context. Scientific study is a valid way of coming to an understanding of life, and can be very useful in every area of life. Science develops theories based on what is observed. It examines each theory with rigorous and scrupulous tests to see if it describes reality. The scientific method works well in observing and recording physical data and in reaching conclusions which either confirm or nullify a theory. During the mid-19th century, scholars (although at that time probably termed philosophers) wanted to study human nature with the aim of applying the scientific method to observe, record, and treat human behaviour that was deemed as unnatural. They believed that if people could be studied in a scientific manner, there would be a greater accuracy in understanding present behaviour, in predicting future behaviour, and, most controversially, in altering behaviour through scientific intervention. There are many areas of psychology, each attempting to explain behaviour from slightly different perspectives; Social psychology is concerned with the effects of social situations on human behaviour. Personality theorists study individual behaviour. Comparative psychologists study animal behaviours across the range of species Physiological psychologists are concerned with the biological basis of behaviour. Cognitive psychologists investigate memory, thought, problem solving, and the psycholo gical aspects of learning. Analysis of behaviour studies the conditions under which a behaviour can be learned and the situations that cause that behaviour to occur. Learning is an area of psychology exploring how new behaviours are learned and maintained. Clinical psychologists study ways to help individuals and groups of individuals change their behaviour. ...

Great tips on deductive essay writing

Great tips on deductive essay writing Deductive essay It is known that possessing remarkable critical thinking skills is rather useful. As to students, they have a marvelous opportunity to apply them when producing a deductive essay. The process of deductive reasoning has a lot in common with doing jigsaw puzzles. If you want to write a paper properly, you should ask your professor about the way of presenting arguments. Note that there are two types of arguments: propositional and categorical. When the instructions are specified, you may begin producing your work. By the way, there is no need to divide your piece of writing into sections. The thing is that it may cause some problems with providing information logically. Learn the Peculiarities of Deductive Essay Writing What Is a Deductive Essay? A deductive essay is a form of an academic essay, in which the writer should present logical reasoning in a form of a deductive argument. The professors assign this task to check the student`s ability to think logically and be able to present the sound and reasonable arguments to support some position. The key principle of writing such an essay implies the student`s ability to build a logical conclusion having ample information regarding some issue or subject. Most people often use the deductive skills in everyday life. As such, to understand the essence of the problem, they need to gather a lot of arguments and evidence. Indeed, almost all daily decisions are made with the help of a deductive approach. In other words, every person is able to make a logical conclusion considering the information he/she possess. A deductive writing style has a few peculiarities. As such, it requires an in-depth research about the topic and cannot be based on mere writer`s observations, especially if he/she is not an expert in this particular area. Moreover, to write a good deductive essay, you need to choose one of the most effective deductive essay topics. If you experience some difficulties with choosing the topic, feel free to address your professor and he or she will gladly assist. To summarize, writing a deductive essay is impossible without the clear thinking and analytical skills. If you state something, do not forget to support it with the reasonable evidence and remember that as long as you can prove your argument, it sounds good. Tips Which Help you Write an Exclusive Paper Select a Subject There is a huge variety of deductive essay topics. Thus, you need to choose the most suitable for your paper. The next essential step is to formulate a key statement. Otherwise, you will not be able to write a unique work. Remember that it is a fundamental element of your piece of writing. It sometimes happens that students single out a few central points. However, it is very hard to join everything together and provide incontrovertible facts to support ideas. Sometimes professors give students topics which they have to cover. Furthermore, even the main idea of your work may be formulated. In this case, writing a reasoning essay becomes more difficult. You have to make sure that there is enough material on exploring the subject. By the way, if you have stuck and do not understand how to move on, you may browse the Internet to get fresh ideas. You should not worry about plagiarism. When using sources, you collect information about the topic. However, you should complete an assignment on your own presenting your personal opinion about the issue. Thus, you will not be accused of plagiarism. By the way, you can always order an authentic deductive essay online. Present Facts In this section, you need to provide readers with powerful arguments concerning the examined matter. Therefore, you should explain research results clearly. If you produce this part of paper in the right way, you will not face problems with writing a good conclusion. If you do not want to miss any points, which should be covered, you need to write a comprehensive essay outline. In order to make your work valid, you should also present vivid deductive examples, statistical data, and concrete facts. Thus, your professor will understand that you deserve the highest grade. For this reason, you should not leave your paper till the last minute. If you have enough time, you will complete this assignment successfully. Make Conclusion Your research may lead to writing a few clear summaries. The main conclusion should restate the thesis and summarize your paper. Remember that it is important to explore the subject in detail. Only then, you will be able to arrive at reasonable conclusion. Now, you know how to answer the question â€Å"How do you write an essay of this type?† Each paragraph of your paper should analyze one point. If you follow this rule, you will structure your work properly. Surely, writing an essay of this kind is not easy. However, if you take the above-mentioned steps into account, you will succeed. Reasons to choose our deductive essay writing writing service We are the best organization in providing writing papers, research papers, essays, dissertations or term papers at cheap prices which you all can afford. We have been doing this business for years now and no organization has this much of experience compared to us. Our writers are professionals who know most of the topics inside out and write some of the finest piece of writings that you can get. It will definitely meet every of your requirement. Suppose you like doing mathematics and not writing essays. So what happen when English teacher comes and tells you to write an essay and your grades will be determined by those essays? You dont want your grades to suffer just because you don’t like writing essays and other writings, do you? You shouldnt be forced to write essays otherwise it will be like forcing a crime on an innocent. Writing can be a hectic task for the students who are not just that into it or writing anything for that matter. But fortunately you have got the option of buying essays online from us. You can buy essays from an organization which particularly provides professional writing material or you can get it from a second grade organization and completely waste your precious money. People like us are here to help you in writing any piece of material of any level. We truly put people out of their miseries when it comes to providing written materials. Dont hesitate on buying essays from us and your grades will never be a problem.

Pollution Caused By War Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pollution Caused By War - Research Proposal Example Radioactivity, toxic chemicals, unexploded devices, and unsanitary health conditions will continue to scar the war zone for decades into the future. The human cost of this pollution is enormous and little is being done to hold the warring parties responsible for repairing the damage left behind. Landmines litter the playgrounds, toxins invade the food chain, and a plethora of health problems arise to further burden civilian population in the previously occupied lands. Recent decades have seen an explosion in wartime pollution and little has been accomplished to gain international agreement on the treatment and cleanup of affected areas. Wars have always left behind some form of pollution, usually in the form of unexploded ordinance that littered the landscape. During the US Civil War smoke was a major pollutant, but its effects were temporary as the smoke would clear and nature would reclaim the landscape scarred with craters. However, Vietnam would change that as "It is generally accepted that the extensive use of environmental destruction as a strategic practice in war dates from the use of defoliants during the war in Southeast Asia" (McCally 278). The forests in Vietnam were cleared with a chemical agent known as Agent Orange, a deadly herbicide that denied the enemy of food and cover. The amounts left behind in the soil and food chain had the greatest effects on the civilian population, which had little protection from the Geneva Convention or similar international agreements. Modern warfare had taken a leap and could no longer control the devastating effects of the pollution left behind. Another devastating pollutant has recently come in the form of depleted uranium (DU), a highly dense metal used for armament and armor plating in military applications. DU illegally litters the battlefields in Kosovo and Iraq and is spread throughout the environment after a contamination event. "Over the days and years following such an event, the contamination normally becomes dispersed into the wider natural environment by wind and rain. People living or working in affected areas may inhale contaminated dusts or consume contaminated food and drinking water" (Depleted Uranium). The effects of exposure to DU can range from kidney problems to lung cancer, and the World Health Organization warns that, "Small children could receive greater exposure to DU when playing in or near DU impact sites. Their typical hand-to-mouth activity could lead to high DU ingestion from contaminated soil" (Depleted Uranium). The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has been active in attempting to c lean up DU contaminated sites, but Henk van der Keur of the Laka Foundation1 contends that the use of DU is in direct violation of international law (A Day to Prevent Environmental). Cleaning up the damage may come to late for many that have already been exposed, and international groups are calling for an outright ban on DU. While the effects of Agent Orange and DU may linger unnoticed as an odorless and colorless poison, the effects of oil pollution in the Mideast have been more profound. The widespread fires from the ignited oil wells after the Kuwait War could be seen for miles, and "Iraq's release of about 10 million barrels of Kuwaiti oil into Gulf waters caused great stress to an ecosystem already suffering from decades of abuse" (McCally 278). At the time, there was little international

Money, Banking & Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Fisher Theory of Nominal Interest Rates and Inflation Rate - Essay Example According to the economist, interest is ‘an index of a community’s preference for a dollar of a present (income) over a dollar of future income’ (Library of Economics and Liberty, 2008). The label that he has put to his theory of interest rate is ‘the impatience and opportunity’. Fisher has postulated in this theory that interest rate results from an interface between two forces: the time preference that people have for capital at present and the principle of investment opportunity (Library of Economics and Liberty, 2008). Irving Fisher’s theory of interest establishes a link of nominal interest rate (i) to the rate of inflation (П) and the real rate of interest (r). The rate which is derived after making an adjustment for the inflation is the real interest rate. This is the interest rate which the lenders should consider for lending their funds. The relationship that has been presented by Fisher between these three interest rates is: Thus, the above relationship states that if the rate of inflation increases by 1 percent, then the nominal interest rate increases by more than 1 percent. This means that there is a positive relationship between the rate of inflation and nominal interest rate (University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2010). In the next step of the analysis, the effect of taxes on the real rate of return will be taken into account. Let a country be considered with currency C. Then let it be the nominal risk-free rate of interest, rc be the real interest rate and Пc be the expected rate of inflation. Let to be the rate of tax on the interest income and r*c be the after-tax real rate of return. The after-tax rate of return is ic (1-to). Then, From the above expression, it can be explained that with the increase in the rate of inflation, the nominal interest rate also increases by a few proportion of the increase in inflation rate (Mulligan, 2002).  Ã‚